ScriptEase Standard Library

The Standard ScriptEase Library is based on the standard C libraries, as defined by ANSI and ISO. All of these routines are available to any ScriptEase program executed by ScriptEase.

Minimal modifications have been made to the standard C library to support the differences between the ScriptEase and the C languages. In most cases, these modifications involve the redefinition of a variable pointer to become a variable-passed-by-reference. Usually, the ScriptEase call to one of these functions looks identical to the C call. The experienced C programmer must only give thought to the changes when an ampersand (&) operator or a sizeof() statement would otherwise be in order.

A few functions are missing, mostly those dealing with locales (locales will be added if there is demand for them). A few functions have been added beyond those in the ANSI and ISO standards. The functions that seem to be common across most existing implementations of C libraries were implemented.

Note: Any functions beginning with "str" automatically tags character-arrays as "strings", which means that further use of those variables will always ensure that they are null-terminated.

The following defines are include as part of the standard ScriptEase library

CLOCKS_PER_SEC	(e.g. 18.2, 100) Number of system clock ticks per second
FALSE	0 (Indicates FALSE)
TRUE	1 (Indicates TRUE)
NULL	0 Used to initialize arrays to being empty
EXIT_FAILURE	(e.g. 1, 255) Program return code to indicate failure
EXIT_SUCCESS	(e.g. 0) Program return code to indicate success
RAND_MAX	Maximum value returned by the rand function
EOF	Status returned when end of file is reached
stderr	FILE for standard error device; can be changed with freopen()
stdin	FILE for standard input device; can be changed with freopen()
stdout	FILE for standard output device; can be changed with freopen()
errno	errno is a variable used to store diagnostic messages in the case of an error in executing a fuction. Many library functions will set errno to non-zero in case of error to provide more specific information about the error. ScriptEase implements errno as a macro to the internal function_errno(). This variable can be accessed with perror() or strerror().

abort
DESCRIPTION	Terminate program; most likely due to an error.
SYNTAX	void abort() void abort(bool AbortAll)
COMMENTS	Causes abnormal program termination, and should only be called on fatal error. It does not return to the caller, but instead exits returning EXIT_FAILURE to the operating system. The second form of this call, which adds an additional parameters to the standard-C abort() function, will abort through all levels of ScriptEase interpretation. This means that if you are within multiple levels of interpret(), and AbortAll is TRUE (i.e., not FALSE), then this will abort through all interpret() levels.
RETURN	Does not return.
SEE ALSO	assert(), exit()

asctime
DESCRIPTION	Convert date and time to an ASCII string.
SYNTAX	string asctime(struct tm)
COMMENTS	Converts time stored in tm structure into an ascii string of this form: Mon Jul 19 09:14:22 1993\n See localtime() for a description of the tm structure.
RETURN	Returns ascii string, ending in newline and null-terminated, representing a date and time.
SEE ALSO	ctime(), gmtime(), localtime(), mktime(), time(), strftime()

abs
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the absolute value
SYNTAX	int abs(int x)
COMMENTS	Since int and long int are the same in ScriptEase, this function is the same as labs().
RETURN	Returns the absolute (positive) value of x.
SEE ALSO	labs(), fabs(),

acos
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the arc cosine.
SYNTAX	float acos(float x)
RETURN	Return arc cosine of x in the range [0,pi] radians.

asin
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the arc sine.
SYNTAX	float asin(float x)
RETURN	Return arc sine of x in the range [-pi/2,pi/2] radians.

assert
DESCRIPTION	Test a condition and abort if it is FALSE.
SYNTAX	void assert(bool test)
COMMENTS	If the assertion test evaluates to FALSE then will print file name and line number to stderr, and then abort. If the assertion evaluates to TRUE then the program continues. assert() is typically used as a debugging technique to test that assumptions are true before executing code that is based on those assumptions. Unlike C, the ScriptEase implementation of assert does not depend upon NDEBUG being defined or undefined. It is always active.
RETURN	None. Will abort if the assertion fails.
SEE ALSO	abort(), exit()
EXAMPLE	The Inverse() function returns the inverse of the input number (i.e., 1/x): Inverse(x) // return 1/x { assert(0 != x); return 1 / x; }

atan
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the arc tangent.
SYNTAX	float atan(float x)
RETURN	Return arc tangent of x in the range [-pi/2,pi/2] radians.

atan2
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the arc tangent of a fraction.
SYNTAX	float atan2(float y, float x)
RETURN	Return the arc tangent of y/x, in the range [-pi, +pi] radians.

atexit
DESCRIPTION	Register function to be called at program exit.
SYNTAX	void atexit(string FunctionName)
COMMENTS	Function name is string for function to call.
SEE ALSO	abort(), assert(), exit()

atof
DESCRIPTION	Convert ascii string to a floating-point number.
SYNTAX	float atof(string str)
COMMENTS	Converts the ascii string str, as long as str can be converted, to a floating-point value.
RETURN	Return str converted to floating-point. Returns 0 if the string evaluates to 0 ("0.000", e.g.), or str cannot be converted to a floating point number.

atoi
DESCRIPTION	Convert ascii string to an integer.
SYNTAX	int atoi(string str)
COMMENTS	Converts the ascii string str, as long as str can be converted, to an integer.
RETURN	Return str converted to an integer. Returns 0 if the string evaluates to 0, or str cannot be converted to an integer.

atol
DESCRIPTION	Convert ascii string to an integer.
SYNTAX	int atol(string str)
COMMENTS	Converts the ascii string str, as long as str can be converted, to an integer. This is the same as the atoi() function because longs and integers are the same in ScriptEase.
RETURN	Return str converted to an integer. Returns 0 if sting is equivalent to zero (0.00, e.g.), or str cannot be converted to an integer.

bsearch
DESCRIPTION	Binary search for member of a sorted array.
SYNTAX	var[] bsearch(var key, var [] SortedArray, [int ElementCount,] string CompareFunction)
COMMENTS	The CompareFunction will receive the key variable as its first argument and a variable from the array as its second argument. If ElementCount is not supplied then will search the entire array.
RETURN	Will return the array variable at the offset in the array of the found element, else NULL if the key is not matched in the array. This function assumes all array indices are greater than or equal to 0.
NOTE	ElementCount is limited to 64K for 16-bit version of ScriptEase.
SEE ALSO	qsort()
EXAMPLE	The following example demonstrates the use of qsort() and bsearch() to locate a name and related item in a list: // create array of names and favorite food list = { { "Brent", "salad" }, { "Laura", "cheese" }, { "Alby", "sugar" }, { "Josh", "anything" }, { "Aiko", "cats" }, { "Quinn", "anything from the garbage" } }; // sort the list qsort(list,"ListCompareFunction"); // Create key to search for item // key must work in compare function Key[0] = "brent"; // search for the name Brent in the list Found = bsearch(Key,list,"ListCompareFunction"); // display name, or not found if ( Found ) printf("%s's favorite food is %s\n", Found[0][0],Found[0][1]); else puts("Could not find name in favorite-food list."); ListCompareFunction(Item1,Item2) // used in qsort and { // bsearch return strcmpi(Item1[0],Item2[0]); }

ceil
DESCRIPTION	Ceiling; round up.
SYNTAX	float ceil(float x)
RETURN	Return the smallest integral value not less than x.
SEE ALSO	floor()

clearerr
DESCRIPTION	Clear end-of-file and error status for a file.
SYNTAX	void clearerr(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Clear error status end reset end-of-file flags for this file stream.
RETURN	None.
SEE ALSO	ferror()

clock
DESCRIPTION	Get processor time.
SYNTAX	int clock()
COMMENTS	Gets a processor and operating-system dependent value for the clock. This value is incremented CLOCKS_PER_SEC times per second. Clock value starts at 0 when ScriptEase program begins.
RETURN	Return current processor tick count.
SEE ALSO	time()

cos
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the cosine.
SYNTAX	float cos(float x)
RETURN	Return the cosine of x in radians.

cosh
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the hyperbolic cosine.
SYNTAX	float cosh(float x)
RETURN	Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.

ctime
DESCRIPTION	Convert date-time to an ascii string.
SYNTAX	string ctime(int time)
COMMENTS	time is a date-time value as returned by the time() function. ctime() is equivalent to: asctime(localtime(time))
RETURN	Returns ascii string as returned by the asctime() function.
SEE ALSO	asctime(), gmtime(), localtime(), mktime(), time(), strftime()

difftime
DESCRIPTION	Compute difference between two times.
SYNTAX	float difftime(int time1,int time0)
COMMENTS	Compute time in seconds corresponding to time1 - time0, where time1 and time0 are the value types as might be returned by the time() function.
RETURN	time1 - time0 in seconds.
SEE ALSO	time()

div
DESCRIPTION	Integer division, returning quotient and remainder.
SYNTAX	struct div(int numerator, int denominator)
COMMENTS	Same as ldiv(). The value returned is a structure with the following elements: .quot quotient .rem remainder
RETURN	Returns result in a structure with quotient (.quot) and remainder (.rem) members.
SEE ALSO	ldiv(), fmod(), modf()

exit
DESCRIPTION	Normal program termination.
SYNTAX	void exit(int status)
COMMENTS	Calls all functions registered with atexit(), flushes and closes all open file streams, updates environment variables if applicable to this version of ScriptEase, and returns control to the OS environment with the return code of status.
RETURN	Does not return.
SEE ALSO	abort(), assert(), atexit()

exp
DESCRIPTION	Compute the exponential function.
SYNTAX	float exp(float x)
RETURN	Return the exponential value of x.
SEE ALSO	frexp(), ldexp(), pow()

fabs
DESCRIPTION	Absolute value.
SYNTAX	float fabs(float x)
RETURN	Return the absolute (i.e., non-negative) value of x.
SEE ALSO	abs()

fclose
DESCRIPTION	Close an open file.
SYNTAX	int fclose(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Cause the stream file buffers to be flushed and then closes the file, making stream no longer valid.
RETURN	Returns zero for success, else returns EOF.
SEE ALSO	fopen(), fflush(), freopen()

feof
DESCRIPTION	Test if at end of file stream.
SYNTAX	bool feof(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Test end-of-file indicator for stream.
RETURN	Returns an integer which is non-zero if at end of file, and 0 if NOT at end of file.
SEE ALSO	clearerr(), ferror()

ferror
DESCRIPTION	Test for error on a file stream.
SYNTAX	int ferror(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Tests and returns the error indicator for stream file.
RETURN	Returns 0 if no error, else returns the error value.
SEE ALSO	clearerr(), strerror()

fflush
DESCRIPTION	Flush stream for open file(s).
SYNTAX	int fflush(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Causes any unwritten buffered data to be written to the file. If stream is NULL then flushes buffers in all open files.
RETURN	Returns zero for success, otherwise EOF.
SEE ALSO	fclose(), fopen(), freopen()

fgetc
DESCRIPTION	Get a character from file stream.
SYNTAX	int fgetc(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Read the next character, if there is one, from stream.
RETURN	Return the next character as a byte converted to an integer (remember that all bytes in ScriptEase are unsigned. Return EOF if there is a read error or if at end-of-file; if read error then ferror() will indicate the error condition.
SEE ALSO	getc(), getch(), getchar(), getche(), ungetc()

fgetpos
DESCRIPTION	Get current position of a file stream.
SYNTAX	int fgetpos(FILE stream, Var pos)
COMMENTS	Stores the current position of the file stream pointer for future restoration using fsetpos().
MODIFIES	Sets pos to be a variable of undefined type for file-position restoration on a later call to fsetpos.
RETURN	Returns zero for success, else non-zero and an error value is stored in errno.
SEE ALSO	fseek(), fsetpos(), ftell(), rewind()

fgets
DESCRIPTION	Get a string from an input stream.
SYNTAX	string fgets([string buf[, int buflen], ] FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Reads a string into buf until buflen-1 characters are read or until a newline is read, whichever comes first. If a newline was read then it is retained at the end of buf. A null byte (`\0') as always appended at the end of the string. If buf is not supplied then a buffer variable is automatically created. If buflen is not supplied then a very large value for buflen is assumed.
MODIFIES	If buf is supplied, then it will be altered to be a string, if necessary, and the data read will be stored in buf.
RETURN	If error or end-of-file then return NULL, else return the value of buf if buf is supplied or the variable created if buf is not supplied.
SEE ALSO	fputs(), fscanf(), gets()

floor
DESCRIPTION	Round down.
SYNTAX	float floor(float x)
RETURN	Return the largest integral value not greater than x.
SEE ALSO	ceil()

fmod
DESCRIPTION	Modulus; calculate remainder.
SYNTAX	float fmod(float x, float y)
RETURN	Return the remainder of x / y.
SEE ALSO	div(), ldiv(), modf()

fopen
DESCRIPTION	Open a file.
SYNTAX	FILE fopen(string filename, string mode)
COMMENTS	This function opens the file specified by filename for file operations specified by mode. Filename can be any valid file name, excluding wildcard characters. Mode is a string composed of `r', `w', or `a' followed by other characters as follows: r open file for reading; file must already exist w open file for writing; create if doesn't exist; if file exists then truncate to zero length a open file for append; create if doesn't exist; set for writing at end-of-file b binary mode; if b is not specified then open file in text mode (end-of-line translation) t text mode + open for update (reading and writing) When a file is successfully opened, its error status is cleared and buffer is initialized for automatic buffering of reads and writes to the file.
RETURN	Returns NULL for failure, else returns FILE handle (which is a blob) for subsequent file actions.
SEE ALSO	fclose(), freopen(), fflush()
EXAMPLE	The following code opens the text file "ReadMe" for text-mode reading, and prints out each line in that file: fp = fopen("ReadMe","r"); if ( fp == NULL ) printf("\aError opening file for reading.\n") else { while ( NULL != (line=fgets(fp)) ){ fputs(line,stdout); } fclose(fp); } This function copies binary files one byte at a time (buffers would be faster): BinaryCopy(SrcFile,DstFile) // binary copy SrcFile to DstFile; // return TRUE for success { success = FALSE; // assume failure SrcFP = fopen(SrcFile,"rb"); if ( SrcFP == NULL ) printf("Unable to open \"%s\" for reading.\n",SrcFile); else { DstFP = fopen(DstFile,"wb"); if ( DstFP == NULL ) printf("Unable to open \"%s\" for writing.\n",DstFile); else { // copy one byte at a time from source to destination while( EOF != (c = fgetc(SrcFP)) ) fputc(c,DstFP); // success if there were no errors on either file if ( ferror(SrcFP) ) printf("Error reading from source file.\n") else if ( ferror(DstFP) ) printf("Error writing to destination file.\n") else success = TRUE; if ( fclose(DstFP) ) { success = FALSE; printf("Error closing dest. file \"%s\"\n", DstFP); } } fclose(SrcFP); } // if not success then make a long beeping noise if ( !success ) printf("\a\a\a\a"); return(success); }

fprintf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted output to a file stream.
SYNTAX	int fprintf(FILE stream,string format,...)
COMMENTS	This flexible function writes output to the file specification specified by stream according to the format string. The format string can contain character combinations indicating how following parameters may be written. stream must have been previously opened with write access (most likely with fopen()). See printf() for a description of this format string.
RETURN	Returns the number of characters written, or a negative number if there was an output error.
SEE ALSO	fputs(), printf(), puts(), sprintf(), vfprintf()

fputc
DESCRIPTION	Write a character to a file stream.
SYNTAX	int fputc(int c,FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Write the character c, converted to a byte, to output file stream.
RETURN	Returns c for success, and EOF for a write error.
SEE ALSO	putc(), putchar()

fputs
DESCRIPTION	Write a string to a file stream.
SYNTAX	int fputs(string s,FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Write the string s to stream. Do not write the terminating null character.
RETURN	Returns EOF if write error, else returns a non-negative value.
SEE ALSO	fgets(), fprintf(), puts()

fread
DESCRIPTION	Read data from a file.
SYNTAX	int fread(byte[] DestBuffer,bufferLen,stream) int fread(Var DestVar,int DataTypeInFile,stream) int fread(struct DestStruct,struct DataStructureDefinition,stream)
COMMENTS	Reads data from a file opened for reading into a destination variable. The destination is created, if necessary, to contain the data read. In the first syntax form for this routine, up to bufferLen bytes are read into the DestBuffer byte array. In the second syntax form for this routine, a single data item is read into DestVar, and the DataTypeInFile parameter specifies how that data is to be read from the file. DataTypeInFile may be one of the following: UWORD8 Stored as a byte in DestVar SWORD8 Stored as an integer in DestVar UWORD16 Stored as an integer in DestVar SWORD16 Stored as an integer in DestVar UWORD24 Stored as an integer in DestVar SWORD24 Stored as an integer in DestVar UWORD32 Stored as an integer in DestVar SWORD32 Stored as an integer in DestVar FLOAT32 Stored as an float in DestVar FLOAT64 Stored as an float in DestVar FLOAT80 Stored as an float in DestVar In the third form, which reads data into a ScriptEase structure, the DataStructureDefinition sets each possible element of DestStruct from the same elements of DataStructureDefinition, with the exception that member names beginning with an underscore (_) are not copied. This allows you to read only those portions of the structure in the file that you are interested in. For example, the definition of a structure might be: ClientDef.Sex = UWORD8; ClientDef.MaritalStatus = UWORD8; ClientDef._Unused1 = UWORD16; ClientDef.FirstName = 30; ClientDef.LastName = 40; ClientDef.Initial = UWORD8; The ScriptEase version of fread() differs from the standard C version in that the standard C library is set up for reading arrays of numeric values or structures into consecutive bytes in memory. For the second and third forms, data types will be read from the file in a byte-order described by the current value of the _BigEndianMode variable (see _BigEndianMode in chapter 8).
MODIFIES	Modifies the first input parameter. If DestBuffer is the first parameter then set buffer to be an array of characters. If buffer is a DataType then create or modify DestVar to hold the numeric DataType.
RETURN	Returns the number of elements read. For DestBuffer this would be the number of bytes read, up to bufferLen. For DataTypeInFile this returns 1 if the data is read or 0 if read error or end-of-file is encountered.
SEE ALSO	_BigEndianMode, fopen(), fwrite()
EXAMPLE	To read the 16-bit integer `i', the 32-bit float `f', and then 10-byte buffer `buf' from open file `fp': if ( !fread(i,SWORD16,fp) \|\| !fread(f,FLOAT32,fp) \|\| 10 != fread(buf,10,fp) ) { printf("Error reading from file.\n"); abort(); }

freopen
DESCRIPTION	Assign a new file specification to a file handle.
SYNTAX	FILE freopen(string filename,string mode,FILE OldFP)
COMMENTS	This function closes the file associated with OldFP (ignoring any close errors), and then opens filename according to mode, just as in the fopen() call, and reassociated OldFP to this new file specification. This function is most commonly used to redirect one of the pre-defined file handles (stdout, stderr, stdin) to or from a file.
MODIFIES	Modifies OldFP to be associated with the new file specification.
RETURN	Returns NULL for failure, else returns a copy of the modified OldFP.
SEE ALSO	fclose(), fopen(), fflush()
EXAMPLE	This sample code will call the ScriptEase for DOS program with no parameters (which causes a help screen to be printed), but redirecting stdout to a file CENVI.OUT so that CENVI.OUT will contain the text of the ScriptEase help screens. if ( NULL == freopen("CENVI.OUT","w",stdout) ) printf("Error redirecting stdout\a\n"); else system("SEDOS")

frexp
DESCRIPTION	Break into a mantissa and an exponential power of 2.
SYNTAX	float frexp(float x,int exponent)
COMMENTS	Breaks x into a normalized mantissa between 0.5 and 1.0, or zero, and calculates and calculates an integer exponent of 2 such that x=mantissa*2 ^ exponent.
MODIFIES	Modifies exponent, to the exponent.
RETURN	Returns normalized mantissa between 0.5 and 1.0, or 0.
SEE ALSO	exp(), frexp(), ldexp(), pow()

fscanf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted input from a file stream.
SYNTAX	int fscanf(FILE stream,string format,...)
COMMENTS	This flexible function reads input from a file specification and stores in parameters following the format string according the character combinations in the format string, which indicate how the file data is to be read and stored. Stream must have been previously opened with read access. See scanf() for a description of this format string.
MODIFIES	Modifies any number of parameters following the format string, setting the parameters to data according to the specifications of the format string.
RETURN	Returns EOF if input failure before any conversion occurs, else returns the number of input items assigned; this number may be fewer than the number of parameters requested if there was a matching failure.
SEE ALSO	atof(), atoi(), atol(), scanf(), sscanf(), vfscanf(), vsscanf()
EXAMPLE	With the following text file, WEIGHT.DAT: Crow, Barney 180 Claus, Santa 306 Mouse, Mickey 2 then this code: fp = fopen("WEIGHT.DAT","r"); FormatString = "%[ ,] %*c %s %d\n"; while (3==fscanf(fp,FormatString,LastName, Firstame,weight) ) printf("%s %s weighs %d pounds.\n", FirstName,LastName,weight); fclose(fp); would result in this output: Barney Crow weighs 180 pounds. Santa Claus weighs 306 pounds. Mickey Mouse weighs 2 pounds.

fseek
DESCRIPTION	Set the file position for an opened file stream
SYNTAX	int fseek(FILE stream,int offset[,int mode])
COMMENTS	Set the position offset of the file pointer of an open file stream. mode can be any of the following predefined values: SEEK_CUR seek is relative to the current position of the file SEEK_END position is relative from the end of the file SEEK_SET position is relative to the beginning of the file If mode is not supplied then absolute offset from the beginning of file (SEEK_SET) is assumed. For text files (i.e., not opened in binary mode) the file position may not correspond exactly to the byte offset in the file.
RETURN	Returns zero for success, or non-zero if cannot set the file pointer to the indicated position.
SEE ALSO	fgetpos(), fsetpos(), ftell(), rewind()

fsetpos
DESCRIPTION	Set position of a file stream.
SYNTAX	int fsetpos(stream,Var pos)
COMMENTS	Set the current file stream pointer to the value defined in pos, which should be a value obtained from a previous call to fsetpos(stream,pos) on the same open file stream.
RETURN	Returns zero for success, else non-zero and an error value is stored in errno.
SEE ALSO	fgetpos(), fseek(), ftell(), rewind()

ftell
DESCRIPTION	Get the current value of the file position.
SYNTAX	int ftell(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Gets the position offset of the file pointer of an open file stream from the beginning of the file. For text files (i.e., not opened in binary mode) the file position may not correspond exactly to the byte offset in the file.
RETURN	Returns the current value of the file position indicator, or -1 for an error and an error value is stored in errno.
SEE ALSO	fgetpos(), fseek(), fsetpos(), rewind()

fwrite
DESCRIPTION	Write data to a file.
SYNTAX	int fwrite(byte[] SourceBuffer,bufferLen,FILE stream) int fwrite(Var SourceVar,int DataTypeInFile,FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Writes data from a variable into the current location of a file opened for writing. In the first syntax form of this routine, up to bufferLen bytes are written from the SourceBuffer byte array. In the second syntax form of this routine, a single data item is written from SourceVar, and the DataTypeInFile parameter specifies how that data is to be read from the file. See fread() (above) for valid DataTypeInFile parameters. The ScriptEase version of fwrite() differs from the standard C version in that the standard C library is set up for writing arrays of numeric values or structures from consecutive bytes in memory.
RETURN	Returns the number of elements written. For DestBuffer this would be the number of bytes written, up to bufferLen. For DataTypeInFile this returns 1 if the data is written or 0 if a write error or end-of-file is encountered.
SEE ALSO	_BigEndianMode, fopen(), fread()
EXAMPLE	To write the 16-bit integer `i', the 32-bit float `f', and then 10-byte buffer `buf' into open file `fp': if ( !fwrite(i,SWORD16,fp) \|\| !fwrite(f,FLOAT32,fp) \|\| 10 != fwrite(buf,10,fp) ) { printf("Error writing to file.\n"); abort(); }

getc
DESCRIPTION	Get a character from file stream.
SYNTAX	int getc(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	This function is identical to fgetc().
RETURN	Returns the next character as a byte (unsigned) converted to an integer. Returns EOF if there is a read error or if at end-of-file; if read error then ferror() will indicate the error condition.
SEE ALSO	fgetc(), getch(), getchar(), getche(), ungetc()

getch
DESCRIPTION	Get a character from the keyboard; without echo.
SYNTAX	int getch()
COMMENTS	Read keyboard key pressed without echoing to the screen. If no key is available then will wait until a key is pressed. Some key presses, such as extended keys and function keys, may generate multiple getch() return values.
RETURN	Character read from the keyboard.
SEE ALSO	fgetc(), getc(), getchar(), getche(), ungetc()

getchar
DESCRIPTION	Get a character from standard input (keyboard).
SYNTAX	int getchar()
COMMENTS	Get the next character from the stdin stream. This call is the same as fgetc(stdin).
RETURN	Return the next character as a byte (unsigned) converted to an integer. Return EOF if there is a read error or if at end-of-file; if read error then ferror() will indicate the error condition.
SEE ALSO	fgetc(), getc(), getch(), getche(), ungetc()

getche
DESCRIPTION	Get a character from the keyboard; with echo.
SYNTAX	int getch()
COMMENTS	Read keyboard key pressed with echo to the screen. If no key is available then will wait until a key is pressed. Some key presses, such as extended keys and function keys, may generate multiple getche() return values.
RETURN	Character read from the keyboard.
SEE ALSO	fgetc(), getc(), getch(), getchar(), ungetc()

getenv
DESCRIPTION	Get an environment string.
SYNTAX	string getenv(string VariableName) string[] getenv()
COMMENTS	In the first form (the standard form), returns the value of VariableName, where VariableName is an environment variable, as a string. In the second form, with no parameter supplied, this returns an array of all the environment variable names. The last element of this array will always be NULL.
RETURN	If VariableName is supplied, then this returns environment value as a string if the variable exists in the environment, or returns NULL if VariableName does not exist. If no name is supplied then returns an array of all environment variable names, ending with a NULL element.
SEE ALSO	putenv()
EXAMPLE	The following code would print the existing environment variables, in "EVAR=Value" format, sorted alphabetically. // get array of all environment variable names EnvList = getenv(); // sort array alphabetically qsort(EnvList,GetArraySpan(EnvList),"stricmp"); // display each element in ENV=VALUE format for ( lIdx = 0; EnvList[lIdx]; lIdx++ ) printf("%s=%s\n",EnvList[lIdx],getenv(EnvList[lIdx]));

gets
DESCRIPTION	Read a string from standard input (keyboard).
SYNTAX	string gets([string buf])
COMMENTS	Reads a string into buf until a newline or EOF is read. If a newline was read then it is discarded. A null byte (`\0') as always appended at the end of the string. If buf is not supplied, a buffer variable is automatically created. This function is identical to fgets(buf,stdin) except that new-lines are discarded.
MODIFIES	If buf is supplied, then it will be altered to be a string, if necessary, and the data read will be stored in buf.
RETURN	If error or end-of-file then return NULL, else return the value of buf if buf is supplied or the variable created if buf is not supplied.
SEE ALSO	fgets(), puts(), scanf()

gmtime
DESCRIPTION	Convert date and time to Greenwich mean time (GMT).
SYNTAX	struct gmtime(int t)
COMMENTS	Takes the integer t, which is the data type returned by the time() function, and converts to a structure representing date and time fields converted to Greenwich mean time.
RETURN	Returns structure for GMT. See localtime() for a description of the returned structure.
SEE ALSO	asctime(), ctime(), localtime(), time(), strftime()

isalnum
DESCRIPTION	Test for alphanumeric character.
SYNTAX	bool isalnum(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a letter (A to Z or a to z) or a digit (0 to 9), else return FALSE.

isalpha
DESCRIPTION	Test for alphabetic character.
SYNTAX	bool isalpha(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a letter (A to Z or a to z), else return FALSE.

isascii
DESCRIPTION	Test for ASCII coded character.
SYNTAX	bool isascii(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is in the range 0 to 127, inclusive, else return FALSE.

iscntrl
DESCRIPTION	Test for any control character.
SYNTAX	bool iscntrl(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a control character or delete character, else return FALSE.

isdigit
DESCRIPTION	Test for any decimal-digit character.
SYNTAX	bool isdigit(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a digit (0 to 9), else return FALSE.

isgraph
DESCRIPTION	Test for any printing character except for space.
SYNTAX	bool isgraph(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a printable character that is not a space, else return FALSE.

islower
DESCRIPTION	Test for lower-case alphabetic letter.
SYNTAX	bool islower(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a lowercase letter (a to z), else return FALSE.

isprint
DESCRIPTION	Test for any printing character including space.
SYNTAX	bool isprint(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c occupies one space when printed, else return FALSE.

ispunct
DESCRIPTION	Test for punctuation character.
SYNTAX	bool ispunct(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a punctuation character, else return FALSE.

isspace
DESCRIPTION	Test for white-space character.
SYNTAX	bool isspace(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a whitespace character (alters position on display device without displaying a graphic), else return FALSE. Space, tab, and carriage-return are examples of whitespace characters.

isupper
DESCRIPTION	Test for upper-case alphabetic character.
SYNTAX	bool isupper(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is an uppercase letter (A to Z), else return FALSE.

isxdigit
DESCRIPTION	Test for hexadecimal-digit character.
SYNTAX	bool isxdigit(int c)
RETURN	Return TRUE if c is a hexadecimal digit (0 to 9, A to F, or a to f), else return FALSE.

kbhit
DESCRIPTION	Check if a keyboard keystroke is available.
SYNTAX	bool kbhit()
COMMENTS	Test whether a key-press is available to be returned by either getch() or getche().
RETURN	Return TRUE if a key has been pressed, else FALSE.
SEE ALSO	getch(), getche()
EXAMPLE	The following routine can be called to check if the user has pressed the `Q' key: IsItQYet() // Throw out all keys until Q is pressed. { // Return TRUE if Q has been pressed. while( kbhit() ) { if ( `Q' == toupper(getch()) ) return TRUE; } return FALSE; }

labs
DESCRIPTION	Return the absolute value of an integer (non-negative).
SYNTAX	int labs(int x)
COMMENTS	Since int and long int are the same in ScriptEase, this function is the same as abs().
RETURN	Returns the absolute (positive) value of x.
SEE ALSO	abs()

ldexp
DESCRIPTION	Calculate mantissa * 2 ^ exp; inverse of frexp().
SYNTAX	float ldexp(float mantissa, int exponent)
COMMENTS	This is the inverse function of frexp(). It calculates mantissa * 2 exponent.
RETURN	Returns the result of the calculation: mantissa * 2 exponent.
SEE ALSO	exp(), frexp(), pow()

ldiv
DESCRIPTION	Integer division, returning quotient and remainder.
SYNTAX	struct ldiv(int numerator, int denominator)
COMMENTS	Same as div(). The value returned is a structure with the following element members: .quot quotient .rem remainder
RETURN	Returns result in a structure with quotient (.quot) and remainder(.rem) members.
SEE ALSO	div(), fmod(), modf()

localtime
DESCRIPTION	Convert date and time to broken-down structure.
SYNTAX	struct localtime(int t)
COMMENTS	Convert the calendar time t, as might be returned by the time() function, into a broken-down date-time structure.
RETURN	Returns t converted to a structure with the following integer elements: .tm_sec second after the minute (from 0) .tm_min minutes after the hour (from 0) .tm_hour hour of the day (from 0) .tm_mday day of the month (from 1) .tm_mon month of the year (from 0) .tm_year years since 1900 (from 0) .tm_wday days since Sunday (from 0) .tm_yday day of the year (from 0) .tm_isdst daylight-savings-time flag
SEE ALSO	asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), time(), strftime()
EXAMPLE	The following function prints the current date and time on the screen, and then returns to its caller the day of the year, where Jan 1. is the 1st day of the year: ShowToday() // show today's date; return day of the year in USA format { // get current time structure tm = localtime(time()); // display the date in USA format printf("Date: %02d/%02d/%02d ", tm.tm_mon+1, tm.tm_mday, tm.tm_year % 100); // convert hour to run from 12 to 11, not 0 to 23 hour = tm.tm_hour % 12; if ( hour == 0 ) hour = 12; // print current time printf("Time: % 2d:%02d:%02d\n", hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec); // return day of year, where Jan. 1 would be day 1 return( tm.tm_yday + 1 ); }

log
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the natural logarithm.
SYNTAX	float log(float x)
RETURN	Return the natural logarithm of x.
SEE ALSO	exp(), log10(), pow()

log10
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the base-ten logarithm.
SYNTAX	float log10(float x)
RETURN	Return the base-ten logarithm of x.
SEE ALSO	exp(), log, pow()

max
DESCRIPTION	Return the largest of one or more values.
SYNTAX	var max(var v1[,var v2[,var v3[,...]]])
COMMENTS	Similar to the standard C macro max() with the addition that only one variable must be supplied and any number of other variables may be supplied for the comparison.
RETURN	Return the maximum value of all the variables passed to this function.
SEE ALSO	min()

memchr
DESCRIPTION	Search a byte array, or blob, for a character.
SYNTAX	byte[] memchr(byte[] array, byte c[, int size])
COMMENTS	Searches all the bytes in a byte array (which could be a blob) and returns a variable for this array that starts at the first occurrence of byte c. If size is not specified then searches the entire array from element zero.
RETURN	Returns NULL if c is not found in array; else returns var for this array offset to the first occurrence of c.
SEE ALSO	strchr()

memcmp
DESCRIPTION	Compare two byte arrays.
SYNTAX	int memcmp(byte[] array1, byte[] array2[, int len])
COMMENTS	Compare the first len bytes of array and array2. If len is not specified then len is the smaller of the array index spans of array1 and array2. If one of the arrays is shorter than the length specified, ScriptEase will treat it as being len.
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: < 0 if array1 is less than array2 = 0 if array1 is the same as array2 for len bytes > 0 if array 1 is greater than array2
SEE ALSO	memicmp(), strncmpi(), strnicmp()
EXAMPLE	This function will check to see if the shorter string is the same as the beginning of the longer string. This function differs from strcmp() in that this function will return TRUE if given the strings "foo" and "foobar", because it only compares characters up to the end of the shorter string. MyStrCmp(string1,string2) { len = min(strlen(string1),strlen(string2)); return(memcmp(string1,string2,len)); }

memcpy
DESCRIPTION	Copy bytes from one array to another.
SYNTAX	byte[] memcpy(byte[] dest, byte[] src[, int len])
COMMENTS	Copies len bytes from src array to dest array. If dest is not already defined then this defines it as a byte array. If len is not supplied then copies all of the bytes from src to dest. ScriptEase insures protection from data overwrite, so in ScriptEase the memcpy() function is the same as memmove().
RETURN	Returns the value of dest; that is, a variable into the dest array based at dest[0].
SEE ALSO	memmove(), strncpy()

memicmp
DESCRIPTION	Case-insensitive compare two byte arrays.
SYNTAX	int memicmp(byte[] array1,byte[] array2[,int len])
COMMENTS	Compare the first len bytes of array1 and array2. If len is not specified then len is the smaller of the array index spans of array1 and array2. Each byte comparison is case-insensitive, so `A' is equal to `a'. If one of the arrays is shorter than the length specified, ScriptEase will treat it as being len.
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: < 0 if array1 is less than array2 = 0 if array1 is the same as array2 for len bytes > 0 if array 1 is greater than array2
SEE ALSO	memcmp(), strncmp()
EXAMPLE	This function performs the same as the internal stricmp() library function. MyStrICmp(string1,string2) { len = min(strlen(string1),strlen(string2)); return(memicmp(string1,string2,len)); }

memmove
DESCRIPTION	Copy bytes from one array to another.
SYNTAX	byte[] memmove(byte[] dest, byte[] src[, int len])
COMMENTS	Copies len bytes from src array to dest array. If dest is not already defined then this defines it as a byte array. If len is not supplied then copies all of the bytes from src to dest. ScriptEase insures protection from data overwrite, so in ScriptEase the memcpy() function is the same as memmove().
RETURN	Returns the value of dest; that is, a variable into the dest array based at dest[0].
SEE ALSO	memcpy(), strncpy()

memset
DESCRIPTION	Set values in a byte array to specific character.
SYNTAX	byte[] memset(byte[] buf, int c[, int len])
COMMENTS	Sets the first len bytes of buf to character c. If buf is not already defined then this defines it as a byte array of size len. If buf is less than len bytes big then buf is grown to be big enough for len. If len is not supplied then len is the total size of buf (starting at index 0).
RETURN	Returns the value of buf; that is, a variable into the buf array based at buf[0].

min
DESCRIPTION	Return the minimum of one or more values.
SYNTAX	var min(var v1[,var v2[,var v3[,...]]])
COMMENTS	Similar to the standard C macro min() with the addition that only one variable must be supplied; any number of other variables may be supplied for the comparison.
RETURN	Return the minimum value of all the variables passed to this function.
SEE ALSO	max()

mktime
DESCRIPTION	Convert time structure into calendar time.
SYNTAX	int mktime(struct TimeStruct)
COMMENTS	This creates a calendar time, which is the time format returned by time(), from the elements of the TimeStruct structure. TimeStruct is a structure of the format used by localtime(). All elements of TimeStruct not defined will be set to 0.
RETURN	Returns time structure converted to calendar time. Return -1 if time cannot be converted or represented.
SEE ALSO	asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), localtime(), time(), strftime()

modf
DESCRIPTION	Split a value into integer and fractional parts.
SYNTAX	float modf(float x, float i)
COMMENTS	Splits x into integer and fraction parts, where integer and fraction both have the same sign as x.
MODIFIES	Sets i to the integer part of x.
RETURN	Returns the fraction part of x.
SEE ALSO	ldiv(), fmod()

perror
DESCRIPTION	Prints an message describing error in errno
SYNTAX	void perror(string s) void perror()
COMMENTS	Prints an error message describing the error defined by errno. This function is identical to calling strerror(errno). If s is supplied then the error string is copied to s and s is returned. If s is not supplied then only returns the error string.
RETURN	None.
SEE ALSO	errno, strerror()

pow
DESCRIPTION	Calculates x to the power of y.
SYNTAX	float pow(float x, float y)
RETURN	Return the x to the power of y.
SEE ALSO	exp(), frexp(), log(), sqrt()

printf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted output to the standard output stream (screen).
SYNTAX	int printf(string format,...)
COMMENTS	This flexible function writes output to the standard output device according to the format string ( this is identical to calling fprintf with `stdout' as the first parameter). The format string can contain character combinations indicating how following parameters are to be treated. Characters are printed as read to standard output until a per cent character (`%') is reached. % indicates that a value is to be printed from the parameters following the format string. Each subsequent parameter specification takes from the next parameter in the list following format. A parameter specification takes this form (square brackets indicate optional fields, angled brackets indicate required fields): %[flags][width][.precision]<type> Where flags may be: - Left justification in the field with blank padding; else right justifies with zero or blank padding + Force numbers to begin with a plus (+) or minus (-) blank Negative values begin with a minus (-); positive values begin with a blank # Convert using the following alternate form, depending on output data type: c, s, d, i, u No effect o 0 (zero) is prepended to non-zero output x, X 0x, or 0X, are prepended to output f, e, E Output includes decimal even if no digits follow decimal g, G same as e or E but trailing zeros are not removed width may be: n (n is a number e.g., 14) At least n characters are output, padded with blanks 0n At least n characters are output, padded on the left with zeros * The next value in the argument list is an integer specifying the output width .precision If precision is specified, then it must begin with a period (.), and may be as follows: .0 For floating point type, no decimal point is output .n n characters or n decimal places (floating point) are output .* The next value in the argument list is an integer specifying the precision width
	type may be: d, i signed integer u unsigned integer o octal integer x x hexadecimal integer with 0-9 and a, b, c, d, e, f X hexadecimal integer with 0-9 and A, B, C, D, E, F f floating point of the form [-]dddd.dddd e floating point of the form [-]d.ddde+dd or [-]d.ddde-dd E floating point of the form [-]d.dddE+dd or [-]d.dddE-dd g floating point of f or e type, depending on precision G floating point of For E type, depending on precision c character (`a', `b', `8', e.g.) s string To include the `%' character as a character in the format string, you must use two % together (`%%') to prevent the computer from trying to interpret it as on of the above forms.
RETURN	Returns the number of characters written, or a negative number if there was an output error.
SEE ALSO	fprintf(), fputs(), puts(), sprintf(), vfprintf(), vprintf()
EXAMPLES	Each of the following lines shows a printf example followed by what would show on the output in boldface: printf("Hello world!") Hello world! printf("I count: %d %d %d.",1,2,3) I count: 1 2 3 a = 1; b = 2; c = a+b; printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c) 1 2 3

putc
DESCRIPTION	Write a character to a file stream.
SYNTAX	int putc(int c, FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Write the character c, converted to a byte, to output file stream. This function is identical to fputc(c,stream).
RETURN	Returns c for success, and EOF for a write error.
SEE ALSO	fputc(), putchar()

putchar
DESCRIPTION	Write a character to the standard output stream (console).
SYNTAX	int putchar(int c)
COMMENTS	Write the character c, converted to a byte, to the stream defined by stdout (usually the console). This function is identical to fputc(c,stdout).
RETURN	Returns c for success, and EOF for a write error.
SEE ALSO	fputc(), putc()

putenv
DESCRIPTION	Set an environment string.
SYNTAX	int putenv(string VariableName, string Value)
COMMENTS	Sets the VariableName environment variable to the Value string. If Value is NULL then VariableName is removed from the environment. For those operating systems for which ScriptEase can alter the parent environment (DOS, or OS/2 when invoked with SESet.cmd or using ESet()) the variable setting will still be valid when ScriptEase exits; otherwise the variable change applies only to the ScriptEase code and to child processes of the ScriptEase program.
RETURN	Returns -1 if there is an error, else 0.
SEE ALSO	getenv()

puts
DESCRIPTION	Write a string to the standard output stream (console).
SYNTAX	int puts(string s)
COMMENTS	Write the string s followed by a new-line character to stream. Do not write the terminating null-character. This function is identical to fputs(s, stdout) except that a new-line character is written after the string.
RETURN	Returns EOF if write error, else returns a non-negative value.
SEE ALSO	fputs(), gets(), printf()

qsort
DESCRIPTION	Sort an array using specified comparison function.
SYNTAX	void qsort(var [] array, [int ElementCount,] string CompareFunction)
COMMENTS	Sort elements in this array, starting from index 0 to ElementCount-1. If ElementCount is not supplied then will sort the entire array.
RETURN	No return value.
NOTE	ElementCount is limited to 64K
SEE ALSO	bsearch()
EXAMPLE	The following code would print a list of colors sorted reverse-alphabetically and case-insensitive: // initialize an array of colors colors = { "yellow", "Blue", "GREEN", "purple", "RED", "BLACK", "white", "orange" }; // sort the list of colors in place using qsort // and our own defined ColorSorter routine qsort(colors,"ReverseColorSorter"); // display the sorted colors for ( i = 0; i <= GetArraySpan(colors); i++ ) puts(colors[i]); ReverseColorSorter(color1,color2) // function called from qsort to compare two colors. In // this case do a simple case insensitive string // comparison, and reverse the results too { CompareResult = stricmp(color1,color2) return( -CompareResult ); } The output of the above code would be: yellow white RED purple orange GREEN Blue BLACK

rand
DESCRIPTION	Generate a random number.
SYNTAX	int rand()
COMMENTS	Generates a result between 0 and RAND_MAX, inclusive. The sequence of pseudo-random numbers is affected by the initial generator seed (see srand()) and by earlier calls to rand().
RETURN	Returns pseudo-random number between 0 and RAND_MAX, inclusive.
SEE ALSO	srand(), RAND_MAX

remove
DESCRIPTION	Delete a file.
SYNTAX	int remove(string filename)
COMMENTS	Deletes the filename specified by filename.
RETURN	Returns zero for success, and non-zero for failure.

rename
DESCRIPTION	Rename a file.
SYNTAX	int rename(string OldFilename, string NewFilename)
RETURN	Returns zero for success, and non-zero for failure.

rewind
DESCRIPTION	Reset file position to beginning of file.
SYNTAX	void rewind(FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Set stream file-position pointer to the beginning of file. This call is identical to fseek(stream,0,SEEK_SET) except that it also clears the error indicator for this stream.
RETURN	No return value.
SEE ALSO	fgetpos(), fseek(), fsetpos(), ftell()

scanf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted input from the standard input stream (keyboard)
SYNTAX	int scanf(string format,...)
	This flexible function reads input from the standard input stream (the keyboard unless some other file has been redirected as input) and stores the data read in variables provided as parameters following the format string. The data will be stored according to the character combinations in format strings indicating how the input data is to be read and stored. This function is identical to calling fscanf() with stdin as the first parameter. The format string specifies the admissible input sequences, and how the input is to be converted to be assigned to the variable number of arguments passed to this function. In Windows, the input will not be read until it has been entered by hitting return. Characters from input are matched against the characters of the format string until a per cent character (`%') is reached. % indicates that a value is to be read and stored to subsequent parameters following the format string. Each subsequent parameter after the format string gets the next parsed value taken from the next parameter in the list following format.
COMMENTS	A parameter specification takes this form (square brackets indicate optional fields, angled brackets indicate required fields): %[][width]<type> Where: Suppress assigning this value to any parameter width maximum number of characters to read; fewer will be read if whitespace or nonconvertible character type d,D,i,I signed integer u,U unsigned integer o,O octal integer x,X hexadecimal integer f,e,E,g,G floating point number c character; if width was specified then this is an array of characters s string [abc] string consisting of all characters within brackets; where A-Z represents range `A' to `Z' [^abc] string consisting of all character NOT within brackets
MODIFIES	Modifies any number of parameters following the format string, setting the parameters to data according to the specifications of the format string.
RETURN	Returns EOF if input failure before any conversion occurs, else returns the number of input items assigned; this number may be fewer than the number of parameters requested if there was a matching failure.
SEE ALSO	fscanf(), fgets(), gets(), sscanf(), vfscanf(), vscanf()
EXAMPLES	See fscanf for examples on using this function.

sin
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the sine.
SYNTAX	float sin(float x)
RETURN	Return the sine of x in radians.

sinh
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the hyperbolic sine.
SYNTAX	float sinh(float x)
RETURN	Return the hyperbolic sine of x

sprintf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted output to a string.
SYNTAX	int sprintf(string buffer, string format,...)
COMMENTS	This flexible function writes output to the string variable specified by buffer according to the format string. The format string can contain character combinations indicating how following parameters may be written. buffer need not be previously defined; it will be created large enough to hold the string result. See printf() for a description of this format string.
RETURN	Returns the number of characters written into buffer not including the terminating null byte, or EOF if there was an error.
SEE ALSO	printf(), vsprintf()

sqrt
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the square root.
SYNTAX	float sqrt(float x)
RETURN	Return the square root of x.

srand
DESCRIPTION	Initialize random number generator.
SYNTAX	void srand([int seed])
COMMENTS	If seed is not supplied then a random seed is generated in an operating-system-specific manner.
SEE ALSO	rand(), RAND_MAX

sscanf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted input from a string.
SYNTAX	int sscanf(string buffer, string FormatString,...)
COMMENTS	This flexible function reads input from a string and stores in parameters following the format string according to the character combinations in FormatString indicating how the buffer data is to be read and stored. See scanf() for a description of this format string.
MODIFIES	Modifies any number of parameters following the format string, setting the parameters to data according to the specifications of the format string.
RETURN	Returns the number of input items assigned; this number may be fewer than the number of parameters requested if there was a matching failure.
SEE ALSO	fscanf(), scanf(), vsscanf()
EXAMPLES	See fscanf for examples on using this function.

strcat
DESCRIPTION	Append (concatenate) one string onto the end of another
SYNTAX	string strcat(string dest, string src)
COMMENTS	Appends src string onto the end of dest string. The dest array is made big enough to hold src and a terminating null byte. In ScriptEase, the string copy is safe, so that you can copy from one part of a string to another part of itself.
RETURN	Returns the value of dest; that is, a variable into the dest array based at dest[0].
SEE ALSO	sprintf(), strcpy(), memcpy(), memmove()
EXAMPLE	The following code would create the string Giant to be "FeeFieFoeFum". Giant = "Fee"; // giant initially says only "Fee" strcat(Giant,"Fie"); // now giant says "FeeFie" // remember that strcat returns Giant strcat(strcat(Giant,"Foe"),"Fum")

strchr
DESCRIPTION	Search a string for a character.
SYNTAX	string strchr(string s, byte c)
COMMENTS	Searches for the byte c in string s.
RETURN	Returns NULL if c is not found in s; else returns variable for this string based at the first c character.
SEE ALSO	memchr(), strcspn(), strpbrk(), strrchr(), strspn(), strstr(), strtok()
EXAMPLE	This code: str = "I can't stand soggy cereal." substr = strchr(str,'s'); printf("str = %s\n", str); printf("substr = %s\n", substr); Results in this output: str = I can't stand soggy cereal. substr = stand soggy cereal.

strcmp
DESCRIPTION	Compare two strings.
SYNTAX	int strcmp(string s1,string s2)
COMMENTS	Compare the bytes of s1 against s2 until there is a mismatch or reach the terminating null byte.
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: < 0 if s1 is less than s2 = 0 if s1 is the same as s2 > 0 if s1 is greater than s2
SEE ALSO	memcmp(), stricmp(), strncmp()

strcmpi
DESCRIPTION	Case-insensitive compare two strings.
SYNTAX	int strcmpi(string s1,string s2)
COMMENTS	Compare the bytes of s1 against s2, case-insensitive such that `A' is equal to `a', until there is a mismatch or reach the terminating null byte.
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: < 0 if s1 is less than s2 = 0 if s1 is the same as s2 > 0 if s1 is greater than s2
SEE ALSO	memicmp(), stricmp(), strncmpi()

strcpy
DESCRIPTION	Copy from one string into another.
SYNTAX	string strcpy(string dest, string src)
COMMENTS	Copies bytes from src to dest, up to and including the terminating null byte. If dest is not already defined then this defines it as a string. strcpy() is identical in behavior to memmove(dest,src,strlen(src)) with string enforcement. It is safe to copy from one part of a string to another part of the same string.
RETURN	Returns the value of dest; that is, a variable into the dest array based at dest[0].
SEE ALSO	memcpy(), memmove(), strcat(), strncpy(), sprintf()

strcspn
DESCRIPTION	Search string for first instance of any character from a set of characters.
SYNTAX	int strcspn(string Str, string CharSet)
COMMENTS	Searches string Str for any of the characters in CharSet, and returns the offset of that character. This function is similar to strpbrk, except that strpbrk returns the string beginning at the first character found, while strcspn returns the offset number for that character.
RETURN	Return the index in Str of the first character that is also in CharSet; if no CharSet character is found then the length of Str will be returned.
SEE ALSO	strrchr(), strspn(), strstr(), strtok()
EXAMPLE	The following script demonstrates the difference between strcspn and strpbrk: string="There's more than one way to skin a cat." rStrpbrk = strpbrk(string, "dxb8w9k!"); rStrcspn = strcspn(string, "dxb8w9k!"); printf("The string is: %s\n", string); printf("\nstrpbrk returns a string: %s\n", rStrpbrk); printf("\nstrcspn returns an integer: %d\n", rStrcspn); printf("string +strcspn = %s\n", string + rStrcspn); getch(); And results in the following output: The string is: There's more than one way to skin a cat. strpbrk returns a string: way to skin a cat. strcspn returns an integer: 22 string +strcspn = way to skin a cat

strerror
DESCRIPTION	Get a string describing an error number.
SYNTAX	string strerror (int err)
COMMENTS	An error number may be generated by certain library calls, such as fopen(). This error number can be converted to readable ascii text for error reporting.
RETURN	Returns descriptive error message string.
SEE ALSO	errno, perror()
EXAMPLE	This function opens a file for reading, and if it cannot open the file then it prints a descriptive message and exits the program: MustOpen(filename) { fh = fopen(filename,"r"); if ( fh == NULL ) { printf("Unable to open %s for reading.\n",filename); printf("Error:%s\n",strerror(errno)); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } return(fh); }

strftime
DESCRIPTION	Formatted write of date and/or time into a string.
SYNTAX	int strftime(string buf, [int MaxBufSize,] string Format, struct tm)
COMMENTS	This function follows the pattern of the printf() functions: Format specifies the form of output and tm is the input describing a date/time in the structure defined in localtime(). If maxsize not supplied then will use a very big value. Format is a string copied directly to buf ; when the conversion character (%) is encountered then the following character is replaced by a string representing the data and/or time. These are the conversion characters and their meaning (and an example in parentheses): %a abbreviated weekday name (Sun) %A full weekday name (Sunday) %b abbreviated month name (Dec) %B full month name (December) %c date and time (Dec 2 06:55:15 1979) %d two-digit day of the month (02) %H two-digit hour of the 24-hour day (06) %I two-digit hour of the 12-hour day (06) %j three-digit day of the year from 001 (335) %m two-digit month of the year from 01 (12) %M two-digit minute of the hour (55) %p AM or PM (AM) %S two-digit seconds of the minute (15) %U two-digit week of the year where Sunday is first day of the week (48) %w day of the week where Sunday is 0 (0) %W two-digit week of the year where Monday is the first day of the week (47) %x the date (Dec 2 1979) %X the time (06:55:15) %y two-digit year of the century (79) %Y the year (1979) %Z name of the time zone, if known (EST) %% the per cent character (%)
MODIFIES	buf is created as a string (if it isn't one already) containing a string which is the formatted result of strftime().
RETURN	Returns the number of characters put into buf.
SEE ALSO	asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), localtime(), mktime(), time()
EXAMPLE	The following code prints the full day name and month name of the current day: strftime(TimeBuf,"Today is: %A, and the month is: %B", localtime(time())); puts(TimeBuf);

stricmp
DESCRIPTION	Case-insensitive compare two strings.
SYNTAX	int stricmp(string s1,string s2)
COMMENTS	Compare the bytes of s1 against s2 until there is a mismatch or reach the terminating null byte. Comparison is done case-insensitive, so `a' == `A'.
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: < 0 if s1 is less than s2 = 0 if s1 is the same as s2 > 0 if s1 is greater than s2
SEE ALSO	memicmp(), strcmpi(), strncmpi()

strlen
DESCRIPTION	Determine the length of a string.
SYNTAX	int strlen(string s)
RETURN	Returns the number of character in s, starting from the character at s[0], before (and not including) the terminating null-byte.

strlwr
DESCRIPTION	Converts string to lower-case characters.
SYNTAX	string strlwr(string s);
COMMENTS	Converts all uppercase letters in s to lowercase, starting at s[0] and up to the terminating null byte.
RETURN	Returns the value of s; that is, a variable into the s array based at s[0].
SEE ALSO	strupr(), tolower(), isupper()

strncat
DESCRIPTION	Append (concatenate) up to len bytes of one string onto the end of another.
SYNTAX	string strncat(string dest, string src, int MaxLen)
COMMENTS	Appends up to MaxLen bytes of src string onto the end of dest string. Characters following a null-byte in src are not copied. The dest array is made big enough to hold min(strlen(src),MaxLen) and a terminating null byte.
SEE ALSO	memcpy(), memmove(), strcat(), strcpy(), sprintf()
RETURN	Returns the value of dest; that is, a variable into the dest array based at dest[0].

strncmp
DESCRIPTION	Compare part of two strings.
SYNTAX	int strncmp(string s1, string s2, int MaxLen)
COMMENTS	Compare up to MaxLen bytes of s1 against s2 until there is a mismatch or reach the terminating null byte. The comparison ends when MaxLen bytes have been compared or when a terminating null-byte has been compared, whichever comes first.
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: < 0 if s1 is less than s2 = 0 if s1 is the same as s2 > 0 if s1 is greater than s2
SEE ALSO	memcmp(), stricmp(), strcmp()

strncmpi
DESCRIPTION	Case-insensitive compare part of two strings.
SYNTAX	int strncmpi(string s1, string s2, int MaxLen)
COMMENTS	This function is the same as strnicmp().
RETURN	Same as strnicmp().
SEE ALSO	memicmp(), strcmp(), stricmp(), strncmp(), strnicmp()

strncpy
DESCRIPTION	Copy given number of bytes from one string into another.
SYNTAX	string strncpy(string dest, string src, int MaxLen)
COMMENTS	Copies min(strlen(src)+1,MaxLen) bytes from src to dest. If dest is not already defined then this defines it as a string. dest is null-padded if MaxLen is greater than the length of src, and a null-byte is appended to dest if MaxLen bytes are copied. It is safe to copy from one part of a string to another part of the same string.
RETURN	Returns the value of dest; that is, a variable into the dest array based at dest[0].
SEE ALSO	memcpy(), memmove(), strcat(), strcpy(), sprintf()

strnicmp
DESCRIPTION	Case-insensitive compare part of two strings.
SYNTAX	int strnicmp(string s1, string s2, int MaxLen)
COMMENTS	This is the same as strncmp() except that the comparison is case-insensitive, such that `a' == `A'. It is the same as strncmpi().
RETURN	Returns result of comparison, which will be: less than 0 if s1 is less than s2, equal to 0 if s1 is the same as s2, or greater than 0 if s1 is greater than s2
SEE ALSO	memicmp(), strcmp(), stricmp(), strncmp(), strncmpi()

strpbrk
DESCRIPTION	Search string for first character from a set of characters.
SYNTAX	string strpbrk(string Str,string CharSet)
COMMENTS	Searches string Str for any of the characters in CharSet, and returns the string based at the found character.
RETURN	Returns NULL if no character from CharSet is found in s; else returns variable for the Str array based at the first CharSet character.
SEE ALSO	strchr(), strcspn(), strrchr(), strspn(), strstr(), strtok()
EXAMPLE	See strcspn() for an example using this function.

strrchr
DESCRIPTION	Search a string for the last occurrence of a character.
SYNTAX	string strrchr(string s, byte c)
COMMENTS	Searches in the reverse direction for the byte c in string s.
RETURN	Returns NULL if c is not found in s; otherwise it returns variable for this string based at the last c character.
SEE ALSO	strchr(), strcspn(), strpbrk(), strspn(), strstr(), strtok()
EXAMPLE	This code: str = "I can't stand soggy cereal." substr = strrchr(str,'s'); printf("str = %s\n",str); printf("substr = %s\n", substr); Results in this output: str = I can't stand soggy cereal. substr = soggy cereal.

strspn
DESCRIPTION	Search string for first character not in a set of characters.
SYNTAX	int strspn(string Str,string CharSet)
COMMENTS	Searches string Str for any characters that are not in CharSet, and returns the offset of the first instance of such a character.
RETURN	Returns the index in Str of the first character that is not also in CharSet; if all characters in Str are also in CharSet will return the length of Str.
SEE ALSO	strchr(), strcspn(), strpbrk(), strrchr(), strstr(), strtok()

strstr
DESCRIPTION	Search string for a substring.
SYNTAX	string strstr(string Str,string SubStr)
COMMENTS	Searches Str, starting at Str[0], for the first occurrence of SubStr. Comparison is case-sensitive.
RETURN	Returns NULL if SubStr is not found anywhere in Str; otherwise it returns a variable for the Str array based at the first offset matching SubStr.
SEE ALSO	strchr(), strcspn(), strpbrk(), strrchr(), strspn(), strtok(), strstri()
EXAMPLE	This code: Phrase = "To be or not to be? Beep beep!"; do { puts(Phrase); Phrase = strstr(Phrase+1,"be"); } while ( Phrase != NULL ); would result in this output. To be or not to be? Beep beep! be or not to be? Beep beep! be? Beep beep! beep!

strstri
DESCRIPTION	Case insensitive search string for a substring.
SYNTAX	string strstri(string Str,string SubStr)
COMMENTS	Searches Str, starting at Str[0], for the first occurrence of SubStr. Comparison is case-sensitive.
RETURN	Returns NULL if SubStr is not found anywhere in Str; otherwise returns variable for the Str array based at the first offset matching SubStr.
SEE ALSO	strchr(), strcspn(), strpbrk(), strrchr(), strspn(), strtok(), strstr()

strtod
DESCRIPTION	Convert a string to a floating-point value.
SYNTAX	float strtod(string Str[, string End])
COMMENTS	This function converts the string Str into a number and optionally returns string starting beyond the characters parsed in this function. Whitespace characters are skipped at the start of Str, then the string characters are converted to a float as long as they match this format: [sign][digits][.][digits][format[sign]digits] The following values, for example, can be converted: 1 1.8 -400.456e-20 .67e50 2.5E+50 End is not compared against NULL, as it is in standard C implementations. Instead if you don't want End then don't supply the parameter.
MODIFIES	If End is supplied, then End will be set to the Str array based on the first character that was not used in converting.
RETURN	Returns the first part of Str converted to a floating-point number.
SEE ALSO	atof(), sscanf(), strtol()
EXAMPLE	This code: numbers = " 3.14159 +2.4e-13 0.0000001" " me and little joe 4.6473"; while( True ) { f = strtod(numbers,next); if( next == numbers ) // no chars used means no float found break; printf("%G\n",f); numbers = next; } produces this printed output: 3.14159 2.4E-13 1E-007

strtok
DESCRIPTION	Search a string for delimited tokens.
SYNTAX	string strtok(string Source, string Delimiters)
COMMENTS	This is a weird function. Source is a string that consists of text tokens (substrings) separated by delimiters found in the Delimiters string. Bytes of Source may be altered during the first and subsequent calls to strtok(). On the first call to strtok(), Source points to the string to tokenize and Delimiters is a list of characters which are used to separate tokens in source. This first call returns a variable pointing to the Source array and based at the first character of the first token in Source. On subsequent calls, the first argument is NULL and strtok will continue through Source returning subsequent tokens. The ScriptEase implementation of this function is as weird as any: the initial var must remain valid throughout following calls with NULL as the initial var. If you change the string in any way, a following call to strtok() must be of the first syntax form (i.e., the new string must be passed as a first parameter).
RETURN	Returns NULL if there are no more tokens; else returns Source array variable based at the next token in Source.
SEE ALSO	strchr(), strcspn(), strpbrk(), strrchr(), strspn(), strstr()
EXAMPLE	This code: source = " Little John,,,Eats ?? crackers;;;! "; token = strtok(source,", "); while( NULL != token ) { puts(token); token = strtok(NULL,";?, "); } produces this list of tokens: Little John Eats crackers !

strtol
DESCRIPTION	Convert a string to an integer value.
SYNTAX	int strtol(string Str) int strtol(string Str,string End) int strtol(string Str,string End, string Radix)
COMMENTS	This function converts the string Str into a number and optionally returns a string starting beyond the characters parsed in this function. Whitespace characters are skipped at the start of Str, then the string characters are converted to an integer as long as they match this format: [sign][0][x][digits] these values can be converted, for example: 1 12 -400 0xFACE End is not compared against NULL, as it is in standard C implementations. Instead if you don't want End then don't supply the parameter. Radix specifies the base for conversion; for instance base 10 would be decimal numbers zero through nine and base 16 would be used for Hexadecimal numbers `0' (zero) through `F'. If Radix is zero, or if the Radix argument is not supplied, then the radix is determined based on the first characters of Str.
.MODIFIES	If End is supplied, then End will be set to the Str array based on the first character that was not used in converting.
RETURN	Returns the first part of Str converted to a floating-point number.
SEE ALSO	atoi(), atol(), sscanf(), strtof()
EXAMPLE	This code: numbers = " 3 14159 +2 0xFACE 7.4e-13 0.0000001 "; while( True ) { i = strtol(numbers,next,0); if ( next == numbers ) // no chars used means no int found break; printf("%d\n",i); numbers = next; } results in this output: 3 14159 2 64206 7

strupr
DESCRIPTION	Converts string to upper-case characters.
SYNTAX	string strupr(string s)
COMMENTS	Converts all lowercase letters in s to uppercase, starting at s[0] and up to the terminating null byte.
RETURN	Returns the value of s; that is, a variable into the s array based at s[0].
SEE ALSO	strlwr(), toupper()

system
DESCRIPTION	Pass a command to the command processor.
SYNTAX	int system(string Command) int system(string CommandFormat, var arg1,...) DOS versions only: int system(P_SWAP,string Command) int system(P_SWAP,string CommandFormat, var arg1,...)
COMMENTS	Passes Command to the command processor. If the CommandFormat form is used then system() formats the CommandFormat according to the rules defined in printf().
	DOS In the DOS version of ScriptEase, if the special argument P_SWAP is used then SEDOS.exe is swapped to EMS/XMS/INT15 memory or disk while the system command is executed. This leaves almost all available memory for executing the command. See spawn() for a discussion of P_SWAP.
	DOS32 The 32-bit protected mode version of DOS ignores the first parameter if it is an not a string; in other words, P_SWAP is ignored.
RETURN	Returns value returned by the command processor.
SEE ALSO	spawn()

tan
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the tangent.
SYNTAX	float tan(float x)
RETURN	Return the tangent of x in radians.

tanh
DESCRIPTION	Calculate the hyperbolic tangent.
SYNTAX	float tanh(float x)
RETURN	Return the hyperbolic tangent of x.

time
DESCRIPTION	Get current time.
SYNTAX	int time([t])
COMMENTS	This gets the current system time. The format of the time is not specifically defined except that it represents the current time, to the system's best approximation, and can be used in many other time-related functions. If t is supplied then it is also set to the current time.
RETURN	Returns an integer representation of the current time.
SEE ALSO	difftime(), mktime(), ctime(), gmtime(), localtime(), Directory()

tmpfile
DESCRIPTION	Create a temporary binary file.
SYNTAX	FILE tmpfile()
COMMENTS	This creates a binary temporary file that will automatically be removed when it is closed or when the program exits. If FILE variable is an environment variable then it is invalid after the program ends.
RETURN	Returns a file pointer, which will be NULL if the function fails.
SEE ALSO	tmpnam()

tmpnam
DESCRIPTION	Get a temporary file name.
SYNTAX	string tmpname([string filename])
COMMENTS	This creates a string that is a valid file name that is not the same as the name of any existing file and not the same as any filename returned by this function during execution of this program.
MODIFIES	If filename is supplied then sets filename to the string that will be returned by this function.
RETURN	Returns a valid filename.
SEE ALSO	tmpfile()

toascii
DESCRIPTION	Translate character to ASCII (7-bit) format
SYNTAX	int toascii(int c)
COMMENTS	Converts c to ASCII by clearing all but the lower 7 bits.
RETURN	Return lower 7 bits of c.

tolower
DESCRIPTION	Translate character to lower-case if it is upper-case.
SYNTAX	int tolower(int c)
RETURN	If c is upper-case alphabetic then returns c converted to lower-case alphabetic; otherwise it returns c unaltered.
SEE ALSO	strlwr(), toupper()

toupper
DESCRIPTION	Translate character to upper-case if it is lower-case.
SYNTAX	int toupper(int c)
RETURN	If c is lower-case alphabetic then returns c converted to upper-case alphabetic; otherwise it returns c unaltered.
SEE ALSO	strupr(), tolower()

ungetc
DESCRIPTION	Push character back to input stream.
SYNTAX	int ungetc(int c, FILE stream)
COMMENTS	Pushes c (converted to be a byte) back onto the input stream for subsequent re-retrieval. Only one character of pushback is guaranteed.
RETURN	Return the character c, or EOF for failure.
SEE ALSO	fgetc(), getc(), getch(), getchar(), getche()

va_arg
DESCRIPTION	Retrieve variable from variable argument list.
SYNTAX	var va_arg(blob valist[, int offset]) var va_arg(int offset) int va_arg()
COMMENTS	va_arg() is called to retrieve a parameter passed to a function even when the number of parameters that can be passed to the function is not constant. If valist is used then the variable returned is the one at offset from the first of the valist variables. If offset is not passed in then the next variable from valist is retrieved and valist is updated so that a further call to va_arg(valist) will return the subsequent variable. If the va_arg(int offset) form is used then this returns the input variable at index: offset. The va_arg() form of this function returns only the number of parameters passed to the current function. It is a fatal error to retrieve an argument offset beyond the number of parameters in the function or the valist.
RETURN	Returns a variable for the forms that take a parameter; the va_arg() form returns the number of parameters passed to the current function.
SEE ALSO	va_end(), va_start(), vfprintf(), vfscanf(), vprintf(), vscanf(), vsprintf(), vsscanf()
EXAMPLE	For the following examples, assume that the trait function is called like this: trait("Doug",34,"Blue","pizza"); All of the following examples of the trait() function will set FavoriteColor to Doug's favorite color: trait(name,age,color,food){ FavoriteColor = color; } trait(){ assert( 3 <= va_arg() ); FavoriteColor = va_arg(2); } trait(name){ va_start(valist,name); va_arg(valist); FavoriteColor = va_arg(valist); va_end(valist); } trait(name){ va_start(valist,name); FavoriteColor = va_arg(valist,1); va_end(valist); } trait(){ va_start(valist); va_arg(valist); va_arg(valist); FavoriteColor = va_arg(valist); va_end(valist); }

va_end
DESCRIPTION	Terminate variable argument list.
SYNTAX	void va_end(blob valist)
COMMENTS	This function makes valist invalid. Many implementations of C require that you call this function. ScriptEase does not, but since people may expect it to be there, we provided it.
SEE ALSO	va_arg(), va_start(), vfprintf(), vfscanf(), vprintf(), vscanf(), vsprintf(), vsscanf()

va_start
DESCRIPTION	Initialize variable argument list.
SYNTAX	int va_start(blob va_list[, var InputVar])
COMMENTS	Initialize va_list for a function that takes a variable number of arguments. va_list will then be used in further calls to va_arg() to get the next argument(s) passed to the function. InputVar must be one of the parameters defined in the function line, and then the first argument returned by the first call to va_arg() will be the variable passed after InputVar. If InputVar is not provided, then the first parameter passed to the function will be the first one returned by va_arg(va_list).
RETURN	Returns the number of valid calls to va_arg(va_list), i.e., how many variables are available in this va_list.
MODIFIES	va_list will be set to a blob, which can then be passed to other functions and/or used by subsequent calls to va_arg().
SEE ALSO	va_arg(), va_end(), vfprintf(), vfscanf(), vprintf(), vscanf(), vsprintf(), vsscanf()
EXAMPLE	The following example uses and accepts a variable number of strings and concatenates them all together: MultiStrcat(Result,InitialString) // Append any number of strings to InitialString. // e.g., MultiStrcat(Result,"C:\\","FOO",".","CMD") { strcpy(Result,""); // initialize the result Count = va_start( ArgList, InitialString ) for ( i = 0; i < Count; i++ ) strcat( Result, va_arg(ArgList) ) }

vfprintf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted output to a file stream using arg_list.
SYNTAX	int vfprintf(FILE stream, string format, blob valist)
COMMENTS	This is similar to fprintf() except that it takes a variable argument list (see va_start()). See fprintf() for more details.
RETURN	Returns the number of characters written, or a negative number if there was an output error.
SEE ALSO	fprintf(), va_arg(), va_end(), va_start()

vfscanf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted input from a file stream using arg_list.
SYNTAX	int vfscanf(FILE stream, string format, blob valist)
COMMENTS	This is similar to fscanf() except that it takes a variable argument list (see va_start()). See fscanf() for more details.
MODIFIES	Modifies any number of parameters following the format string, setting the parameters to data according to the specifications of the format string.
RETURN	Returns EOF if input failure before any conversion occurs, otherwise returns the number of input items assigned; this number may be fewer than the number of parameters requested if there was a matching failure.
SEE ALSO	fscanf(), va_arg(), va_end(), va_start()

vprintf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted output to the standard output stream (screen) using arg_list.
SYNTAX	int vfprintf(FILE stream, blob valist)
COMMENTS	This is similar to printf() except that it takes a variable argument list (see va_start()). See printf() for more details.
RETURN	Returns the number of characters written, or a negative number if there was an output error.
SEE ALSO	printf(), va_arg(), va_end(), va_start()
EXAMPLES	The following function would act just like a printf statement except that it beeps, then prints the message, then beeps again and waits a second before returning. This might be uses as a wrapper for the printf function when urgent messages are output: UrgentPrintf(FormatString /,arg1,arg2,arg3,etc.../ ) { //create variable arg list va_start(va_list,FormatString); printf("\a"); // audible beep // printf original statement ret = vprintf(FormatString,va_list); printf("\a"); // beep again suspend(1000); // wait one second before returning va_end(va_list); // end using va_list (not required) return(ret); // return as printf would } }

vscanf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted input from the standard input stream (keyboard) using arg_list.
SYNTAX	int vscanf(string format, blob valist)
COMMENTS	This is similar to scanf() except that it takes a variable argument list (see va_start()). See scanf() for more details.
MODIFIES	Modifies any number of parameters following the format string, setting the parameters to data according to the specifications of the format string.
RETURN	Returns the number of input items assigned; this number may be fewer than the number of parameters requested if there was a matching failure.
SEE ALSO	scanf(), va_arg(), va_end(), va_start()
EXAMPLES	The following function would act exactly like scanf, including taking a variable number of input arguments, except that it beeps and tries again if there are zero matches: Must_scanf(FormatString /,arg1,arg2,arg3,etc.../ ) { vastart(va_list,FormatString); // create variable arg list do { // mimic original scanf() call count = vscanf(FormatString,va_list); if ( 0 == count ) // if no match, then beep printf("\a"); } while( 0 == count ); // if not match, then try again va_end(va_list); // end using va_list (optional) return(count); // return as scanf would }

vsprintf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted output to a string using arg_list.
SYNTAX	int vsprintf(string buffer,string format, blob valist)
COMMENTS	This is similar to sprintf() except that it takes a variable argument list (see va_start()). See sprintf() for more details.
RETURN	Returns the number of characters written into buffer not including the terminating null byte, or EOF if there was an error.
SEE ALSO	sprintf(), va_arg(), va_end(), va_start()

vsscanf
DESCRIPTION	Formatted input from a string.
SYNTAX	int vsscanf(string buffer, string format, blob valist)
COMMENTS	This is similar to sscanf() except that it takes a variable argument list (see va_start()). See sscanf() for more details.
MODIFIES	Modifies any number of parameters following the format string, setting the parameters to data according to the specifications of the format string.
RETURN	Returns the number of input items assigned; this number may be fewer than the number of parameters requested if there was a matching failure.
SEE ALSO	sscanf(), va_arg(), va_end(), va_start()

ScriptEase Standard Library

abort

asctime

abs

acos

asin

assert

atan

atan2

atexit

atof

atoi

atol

bsearch

ceil

clearerr

clock

cos

cosh

ctime

difftime

div

exit

exp

fabs

fclose

feof

ferror

fflush

fgetc

fgetpos

fgets

floor

fmod

fopen

fprintf

fputc

fputs

fread

freopen

frexp

fscanf

fseek

fsetpos

ftell

fwrite

getc

getch

getchar

getche

getenv

gets

gmtime

isalnum

isalpha

isascii

iscntrl

isdigit

isgraph

islower

isprint

ispunct

isspace

isupper

isxdigit

kbhit

labs

ldexp

ldiv

localtime

log

log10

max

memchr

memcmp

memcpy

memicmp

memmove